Small Business AccountingSetup Guide

Set up professional accounting systems that satisfy SBA lenders and help you manage your business finances effectively. Complete setup guide included.

92%
SBA lenders require financial statements
3-5
Years of financial records needed
2-4
Weeks typical accounting setup time
40%
Higher approval rate with clean books

Why Proper Accounting is Critical for SBA Loans

Professional accounting systems demonstrate business credibility and provide the financial documentation lenders require.

Lender Requirements

SBA lenders require 3+ years of professional financial statements for loan approval

Business Performance

Track profitability, cash flow, and financial trends to make informed decisions

Tax Compliance

Proper records ensure accurate tax filings and maximize deductions

Cash Flow Management

Monitor cash flow to ensure you can meet loan payments and operational needs

Financial Analysis

Generate reports that show business strengths and areas for improvement

Business Credibility

Professional accounting systems build trust with lenders, investors, and partners

Accounting Software Comparison

Choose accounting software that meets SBA lender requirements and fits your business needs.

QuickBooks Online

RecommendedSBA Preferred

Most popular choice for small businesses and SBA lenders

Best for: Most small businesses, especially those seeking SBA loans

$15-180/month

Pros

  • Easy bank integration and reconciliation
  • Professional financial reports
  • Tax preparation integration
  • SBA lender preferred
  • Excellent customer support

Cons

  • Monthly subscription cost
  • Limited customization
  • Can be complex for very simple businesses

Xero

RecommendedSBA Preferred

Cloud-based accounting with strong automation features

Best for: Tech-savvy businesses, international operations

$13-70/month

Pros

  • Excellent bank feeds and automation
  • User-friendly interface
  • Strong third-party integrations
  • Good mobile app
  • Unlimited users

Cons

  • Limited payroll features in US
  • Fewer add-ons than QuickBooks
  • Learning curve for beginners

FreshBooks

SBA Preferred

Simple accounting focused on service businesses

Best for: Service businesses, freelancers, consultants

$4.50-50/month

Pros

  • Very user-friendly
  • Excellent invoicing features
  • Good time tracking
  • Strong customer service

Cons

  • Limited inventory management
  • Fewer advanced features
  • Not ideal for complex businesses

Wave Accounting

Free accounting software for very small businesses

Best for: Very small businesses, startups on tight budgets

Free (paid add-ons)

Pros

  • Completely free basic features
  • Good for simple businesses
  • Receipt scanning
  • Bank connections

Cons

  • Limited features and support
  • No phone support
  • Paid payroll and payments

6-Step Accounting Setup Process

Follow this systematic approach to set up professional accounting that meets SBA loan requirements.

1

Choose Accounting Method

1 day

Select cash or accrual accounting method based on business size and type

  • Cash Basis: Record income/expenses when money changes hands
  • Accrual Basis: Record when earned/incurred (required for SBA loans)
  • Most businesses with inventory must use accrual
  • Accrual provides better financial picture for lenders
Choose accrual method for SBA loan readiness
2

Set Up Chart of Accounts

1-2 days

Create organized categories for income, expenses, assets, and liabilities

  • Start with standard chart of accounts template
  • Customize for your specific industry
  • Include SBA loan-required account categories
  • Keep account structure simple but comprehensive
Use industry-standard account categories
3

Connect Bank Accounts

1 day

Link all business bank accounts for automatic transaction import

  • Connect business checking accounts
  • Link business savings accounts
  • Add business credit card accounts
  • Set up automatic daily syncing
Use bank feeds for accuracy and efficiency
4

Import Historical Data

1-2 weeks

Enter previous financial data to establish accounting history

  • Import last 12-24 months of transactions
  • Categorize all imported transactions
  • Reconcile opening balances
  • Verify accuracy of imported data
Import at least 2 years for SBA loan applications
5

Set Up Recurring Transactions

2-3 days

Automate regular income and expense entries

  • Monthly recurring expenses (rent, utilities)
  • Subscription services and software
  • Loan payments and insurance
  • Regular customer invoices
Automate everything possible to reduce errors
6

Establish Monthly Reconciliation

Ongoing monthly

Create process for monthly bank reconciliation and closing

  • Reconcile all bank accounts monthly
  • Review and categorize transactions
  • Generate monthly financial reports
  • Back up accounting data regularly
Close books monthly within 10 days of month-end

Essential Financial Reports

Generate these key reports regularly to manage your business and satisfy SBA lender requirements.

Profit & Loss Statement

SBA Required

Shows revenue, expenses, and net income over a period

Monthly/Quarterly

Key Uses:

Track business profitability
Identify expense trends
Compare to budget
SBA loan applications

Balance Sheet

SBA Required

Snapshot of assets, liabilities, and equity at a point in time

Monthly/Quarterly

Key Uses:

Show business financial position
Track asset accumulation
Monitor debt levels
Loan collateral analysis

Cash Flow Statement

SBA Required

Tracks actual cash in and out of the business

Monthly

Key Uses:

Monitor cash availability
Plan for expenses
Identify cash flow gaps
Loan repayment capacity

Accounts Receivable Aging

Shows outstanding customer invoices by age

Weekly/Monthly

Key Uses:

Collect overdue payments
Assess credit risk
Plan cash flow
Working capital analysis

Accounts Payable Report

Shows outstanding bills owed to vendors

Weekly/Monthly

Key Uses:

Plan payment schedules
Take advantage of discounts
Manage vendor relationships
Cash flow planning

Common Accounting Mistakes to Avoid

Avoid these costly mistakes that can hurt your SBA loan eligibility and business operations.

Mixing Personal and Business Expenses

Inaccurate financial reports, tax problems, SBA loan rejection

Use separate business accounts and credit cards for all business expenses

Poor Transaction Categorization

Meaningless financial reports, missed deductions, lender confusion

Create clear categorization rules and review transactions weekly

Infrequent Reconciliation

Errors accumulate, cash flow surprises, unreliable reports

Reconcile bank accounts monthly and review reports regularly

No Backup or Security

Data loss, compliance issues, business disruption

Use cloud-based software with automatic backups and strong passwords

Ignoring Financial Reports

Poor business decisions, missed opportunities, cash flow problems

Review P&L and cash flow reports monthly, take action on insights

DIY Complex Accounting

Errors, missed deductions, compliance problems

Work with CPA for complex issues, tax planning, and year-end closing

Tax Planning Considerations

Optimize your accounting setup for tax efficiency and compliance while maintaining SBA loan readiness.

Business Entity Tax Elections

Choose optimal tax treatment for your business structure

  • S-Corp election for LLCs to save self-employment tax
  • Quarterly estimated tax payments
  • Business expense deduction optimization
  • Depreciation schedules for equipment

Record Keeping Requirements

Maintain proper documentation for tax compliance

  • Keep receipts for all business expenses
  • Document business purpose for travel and entertainment
  • Maintain mileage logs for vehicle expenses
  • Store records for at least 3-7 years

Year-End Tax Planning

Optimize tax position before year-end

  • Accelerate deductible expenses
  • Defer income to next year if beneficial
  • Maximize retirement plan contributions
  • Review equipment purchases for depreciation

When to Hire Professional Help

Know when to seek professional accounting assistance to ensure compliance and optimization.

Consider Professional Help For:

  • Initial accounting system setup
  • Complex business structures (multiple entities)
  • Inventory accounting and cost of goods sold
  • Multi-state tax compliance
  • SBA loan application preparation
  • Year-end closing and tax preparation
  • Financial statement compilation or review
  • IRS audit representation

Types of Professional Help:

Bookkeeper ($20-40/hour)

Day-to-day transaction entry and reconciliation

CPA ($100-300/hour)

Tax planning, financial statements, SBA loan prep

CFO Services ($150-500/hour)

Strategic financial planning and analysis

Software Consultant ($75-150/hour)

System setup, customization, and training

Ready to Apply for SBA Financing?

With proper accounting in place, you're ready to calculate your SBA loan options and prepare your application.

Accounting Setup FAQs

What accounting method should I use for SBA loans?

Use accrual accounting for SBA loans. While cash basis is simpler, accrual provides a more accurate picture of business performance that lenders prefer. Businesses with inventory are typically required to use accrual.

How far back do I need financial records for SBA loans?

Most SBA lenders require 3 years of financial statements and tax returns. For newer businesses, provide all available history plus detailed projections to complete the 3-year requirement.

Can I do my own bookkeeping for SBA loan qualification?

Yes, but ensure accuracy and professionalism. Many successful SBA borrowers handle day-to-day bookkeeping themselves but work with a CPA for monthly closing, tax planning, and loan preparation.

What's the difference between cash and accrual accounting?

Cash basis records transactions when money changes hands. Accrual records when earned or incurred, regardless of payment timing. Accrual provides better matching of revenues and expenses.

Do I need an accountant to set up QuickBooks?

Not necessarily. QuickBooks has excellent setup guides and templates. However, an accountant can help with chart of accounts design, tax elections, and ensuring SBA-compliant setup from the start.

Start Your Accounting Setup Today

Choose accounting software and begin setting up professional books that will support your SBA loan application.